Lab 1 Building Linux Kernel

Installation of Linux

1. Install Red Hat Linux 7.3 in your system. Create a partition called /apps to hold your application packages that will be used in the labs. Choose lilo booting.
   
   Prepration
   
2. Read the mini-howto of lvs at http://www.linuxvirtualserver.org/Joseph.Mack/mini-HOWTO/LVS-mini-HOWTO.html. If you have time read the HOWTO document at the site too.
3. Make a directory /apps/download to hold your downloaded packages.
4. Browse briefly the site http://www.kernel.org/ to learn about the Linux system. Download the package linux-2.4.18.tar.gz ( Linux Kernel version 2.4.18 ) from the URL: http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.4/
5. Download the Linux Virtual Server ( lvs ) patch linux-2.4.18-ipvs-1.0.4.patch.gz and admin package ipvsadm-1.21.tar.gz from http://www.linuxvirtualserver.org/software/index.html
6. Browse the site http://www.ssi.bg/~ja/ and download the arp patch hidden-2.4.5-1.diff from it. Understand from the site the use of this package.
7. Make the directory /apps/linux2418 and go to the directory by cd /apps/linux2418.
8. Unpack the kernel into the directory by gunzip -c /apps/download/linux-2.4.18.tar.gz |tar xvf -
9. Go to the unpacked directory by cd linux
   
   Patching the kernel
   
10. Now patch the kernel with lvs by gunzip -c /apps/download/linux-2.4.18-ipvs-1.0.4.patch.gz | patch -p1
11. Then patch the kernel with arp package: patch -p1 < /apps/download/hidden-2.4.5-1.diff
    
    Configuring and building the kernel
    
12. Copy the original kernel configuration file. cp /usr/src/linux/.config . ( If the .config file does not exist, you can first log in as root and go to /usr/src/linux. Then execute make menuconfig and save the configuration as .config. )
13. Configure the kernel by make menuconfig We are going to build a Linux Virtual Server that supports tunneling. Check the modules in the kernel configuration menu as follows ( You may also refer to the howto of the lvs site ).
    
    First turn on Code maturity level options
    

    Code maturity level options ---> [*] Prompt for development and/or incomplete code/drivers

    The IP Masquerading lives under:

    Networking options ---> <M> IP: tunneling <M> IP: GRE tunnels over IP IP: Netfilter Configuration ---> <M> IP tables support (required for filtering/masq/NAT) <M> Full NAT <M> MASQUERADE target support

    All the LVS stuff should be under:

    Networking options ---> IP: Virtual Server Configuration --->

    Here's the networking config:

    <*> Packet socket [ ] Packet socket: mmapped IO [*] Kernel/User netlink socket [*] Routing messages <*> Netlink device emulation [*] Network packet filtering (replaces ipchains) [*] Network packet filtering debugging [*] Socket Filtering <*> Unix domain sockets [*] TCP/IP networking [ ] IP: multicasting [*] IP: advanced router [*] IP: policy routing [*] IP: use netfilter MARK value as routing key [*] IP: fast network address translation [*] IP: equal cost multipath [*] IP: use TOS value as routing key [*] IP: verbose route monitoring [*] IP: large routing tables [*] IP: kernel level autoconfiguration [ ] IP: BOOTP support [ ] IP: RARP support <M> IP: tunneling < > IP: GRE tunnels over IP [ ] IP: multicast routing [ ] IP: ARP daemon support (EXPERIMENTAL) [ ] IP: TCP Explicit Congestion Notification support [ ] IP: TCP syncookie support (disabled per default) IP: Netfilter Configuration ---> IP: Virtual Server Configuration ---> < > The IPv6 protocol (EXPERIMENTAL) < > Kernel httpd acceleration (EXPERIMENTAL) [ ] Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) (EXPERIMENTAL)

    Turn on all the Virtual Server configuration.

    <M> virtual server support (EXPERIMENTAL) [*] IP virtual server debugging (NEW) (16) IPVS connection table size (the Nth power of 2) (NEW) --- IPVS scheduler <M> round-robin scheduling (NEW) <M> weighted round-robin scheduling (NEW) <M> least-connection scheduling scheduling (NEW) <M> weighted least-connection scheduling (NEW) <M> locality-based least-connection scheduling (NEW) <M> locality-based least-connection with replication scheduling (NEW) <M> destination hashing scheduling (NEW) <M> source hashing scheduling (NEW) --- IPVS application helper <M> FTP protocol helper (NEW)

    Here's the configuration for the netfilter section:

    <M> Connection tracking (required for masq/NAT) <M> FTP protocol support <M> Userspace queueing via NETLINK (EXPERIMENTAL) <M> IP tables support (required for filtering/masq/NAT) <M> limit match support <M> MAC address match support <M> netfilter MARK match support <M> Multiple port match support <M> TOS match support <M> Connection state match support <M> Unclean match support (EXPERIMENTAL) <M> Owner match support (EXPERIMENTAL) <M> Packet filtering <M> REJECT target support <M> MIRROR target support (EXPERIMENTAL) <M> Full NAT <M> MASQUERADE target support <M> REDIRECT target support <M> Packet mangling <M> TOS target support <M> MARK target support <M> LOG target support <M> ipchains (2.2-style) support <M> ipfwadm (2.0-style) support

    
    
    Building the kernel
    
    ( If your system does not have enough memory to compile the kernel while running X-windows. You can switch the system to the console by the command #telinit 3 and logout or reboot your system. The symbol '#' is the root prompt meaning that you have to execute the command as root. )
14. Make dependencies by make dep
15. Login as root by su.
16. Execute the commands
    1. # make modules
    2. # make modules_install
17. Exit root.
18. Create a kernel image by make bzImage
19. Login as root using su.
20. Copy the system map of the kernel you just made to the boot directory by # cp System.map /boot/System.map-2.4.18a
21. Link the new system map ( note that you must first remove System.map, which is actually a link ). # rm /boot/System.map
    # ln -s /boot/System.map-2.4.18a /boot/System.map
22. Copy the kernel image to the boot directory: # cd arch/i386/boot
    # cp bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-2.4.18a
23. Make nodes by # mkinitrd /boot/initrd-2.4.18a.img 2.4.18
24. Edit the lilo configuration file so that the system can boot to the new kernel. Edit the file /etc/lilo.conf to include something like:

    	prompt
    	timeout=50
    	default=linux2418a
    	boot=/dev/hda
    	map=/boot/map
    	install=/boot/boot.b
    	message=/boot/message
    	linear
    
    	image=/boot/vmlinuz-2.4.18a
    	label=linux2418a
    	initrd=/boot/initrd-2.4.18a.img
    	read-only
    	root=/dev/hda1      
    	

    (If you have used GRUB to boot your system, you need to edit the file /etc/grub.conf and skip the next step. )
25. Load your lilo configuration by # lilo -v -v -v
26. Reboot your system.
27. Execute the command uname -a to check if the new kernel is running.